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Carbon Sequestration- Is It A New Lease Of Life For Coal Fired
By Tobi Nagy, Fri Dec 9th
Over the next 25 years the demand for electrical power worldwideis estimated to increase by a value of US$20 trillion. In lightof this increase, a new lease of life has been discovered forcoal fired power stations, which along with motor carscontribute greatly to the Greenhouse Effect. New technology has been discovered to “catch” the carbon dioxide(CO2) before it enters the environment, thus helping reduceGreenhouse Gas emissions. A power plant in Tampa, Florida U.S.A,has been established using this concept. During the power producing process the CO2 gas is driven underheat and pressure. The CO2 is piped and then stored undergroundby drilling a bore into porous rock, such as sandstone. The holeis then capped by clay. This process is known as “TerrestrialCarbon sequestration”.
Carbon Sequestration The U.S Department of Energy defines“Carbon sequestration” as: “a family of methods for capturingand permanently isolating gases that otherwise could contributeto global climate change”. Affordable and environmentally safe sequestration approachescould offer a way to stabilise atmospheric levels of CO2 withoutrequiring the countries to make large-scale and potentiallycostly changes to their energy infrastructures. Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Terrestrial carbonsequestration is defined as: “either the net removal of CO2 fromthe atmosphere or the prevention of CO2 net emissions from theterrestrial ecosystems into the atmosphere”. [Source: U.SDepartment of Energy] Problems with Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration The problem withthis concept is finding the right location to be able
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to drillinto. A project is also planned in West Virginia as it has thesuitable porous rock to drill into. Australia has also been looking into carbon sequestrationresearch as a way of tackling Greenhouse Gas emission problems,with projects underway in South Australia along the “GreatAustralian Bight”. New coal-fired plants with this CO2 “catching” process are farmore expensive than the traditional coal fired power stations,so there has been no rush to establish new plants at this stageunless politicians induce firms, to take on this technology. Sofar there is no indication that this will occur, so at thisstage traditional polluting coal fired power stations are hereto stay. Alternative forms of Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration Enhancingthe natural processes that remove CO2 from the atmosphere isthought to be one of the most cost-effective means of reducingatmospheric levels of CO2, and forestation and deforestationabatement efforts are already under way. R&D in this program area seeks to increase this rate whileproperly considering all the ecological, social, and economicimplications. There are two fundamental approaches tosequestering carbon in terrestrial ecosystems: 1.Protection ofecosystems that store carbon so that carbon stores can bemaintained or increased; and; 2.Manipulation of ecosystems toincrease carbon sequestration beyond current conditions. This program area is focused on integrating measures forimproving the full life-cycle carbon uptake of terrestrialecosystems, including farmland and forests, with fossil fuelproduction and use. The following ecosystems offer significantopportunity for carbon sequestration: Forest lands. The focusincludes below-ground carbon and long-term management andutilisation of standing stocks, under-story, ground cover, andlitter. Agricultural lands. The focus includes crop lands,grasslands, and range lands, with emphasis on increasinglong-lived soil carbon. Biomass croplands. As a complement toongoing efforts related to biofuels ,the focus is on long-termincreases in soil carbon and value-added organic products.Deserts and degraded lands. Restoration of degraded lands offerssignificant benefits and carbon sequestration potential in bothbelow-and above-ground systems. Boreal wetlands and peat-lands.The focus includes management of soil carbon pools and perhapslimited conversion to forest or grassland vegetation whereecologically acceptable. About the author:Tobi Nagy is a small business develoment consultant and aspecialist on developing sustainable systems. His website can befound at http://www.sustainable-development.net |